::AmirNazmi::

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (e.g. chemistry and physics), with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materialschemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition to producing useful materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques, an important form of research and development. A person employed in this field is called a chemical engineer. or

Chemical engineering largely involves the design and maintenance of chemical processes for large-scale manufacture. Chemical engineers in this branch are usually employed under the title of process engineer.

History of chemical engineering

In 1824, French physicist Sadi Carnot, in his “On the Motive Power of Fire”, was the first to study the thermodynamics of combustion reactions in steam engines. In the 1850s, German physicist Rudolf Clausius began to apply the principles developed by Carnot to chemicals systems at the atomic to molecular scale.^[1] During the years 1873 to 1876 at Yale University, American mathematical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs, the first to be awarded a Ph.D. in engineering in the U.S., in a series of three papers, developed a mathematical-based, graphical methodology, for the study of chemical systems using the thermodynamics of Clausius. In 1882, German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, published a founding thermodynamics paper, similar to Gibbs, but with more of an electro-chemical basis, in which he showed that measure of chemical affinity, i.e. the “force” of chemical reactions, is determined by the measure of the free energy of the reaction process. Following these early developments, the new science of chemical engineering began to develop. The following timeline shows some of the key steps in the development of the science of chemical engineering:^[2]

• 1805 – John Dalton published Atomic Weights, allowing chemical equations to be balanced and the basis for chemical engineering mass balances.
• 1882 – a course in “Chemical Technology” is offered at University College London
• 1883 – Osborne Reynolds defines the dimensionless group for fluid flow, leading to practical scale-up and understanding of flow, heat and mass transfer
• 1885 – Henry Edward Armstrong offers a course in “chemical engineering” at Central College (later Imperial College), London.
• 1888 – There is a Department of Chemical Engineering at Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College offering day and evening classes^[3].
• 1888 – Lewis M. Norton starts a new curriculum at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): Course X, Chemical Engineering^[4][5]
• 1889 – Rose Polytechnic Institute awards the first bachelor’s of science in chemical engineering in the US.^[6]
• 1891 – MIT awards a bachelor’s of science in chemical engineering to William Page Bryant and six other candidates.
• 1892 – A bachelor’s program in chemical engineering is established at the University of Pennsylvania.
• 1901 – George E. Davis produces the Handbook of Chemical Engineering
• 1905 – the University of Wisconsin awards the first Ph.D. in chemical engineering to Oliver Patterson Watts.
• 1908 – the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is founded.
• 1922 – the UK Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is founded.
• 1942 – Hilda Derrick, first female student member of the IChemE.^[7]

Gundam...
Pada mulanya ak dapat tahu pasal gundam ni mase kecik2 lg.... hmmm agak teruja ngan robot2 ni sebab ak ni jenis yg suka main mainan ni(haha besar pn nk main lg)... tp mase kecik2 dlu nk beli xde duit....huhuhu... mane la der duit... nk bli benda ni dah la mahal.... dekat2 seratus jugak nk abis..
adei mahal la apek.... kasi murah la..... haiyaaaaaa!!!!!!!! hmm minat nk main benda alah ni bermula mase kecik2 lg....deangan rekabentuk yang menarik mungkin ade sesetengah pihak berpandangan benda ni adalah membunag duit dan sia2.... hmm klo cam 2 same la mcm kumpul stem... bkn leh gne da stem 2... stakat ader stem dari luar negara,bleh je nk bli kat pos office... siap ader org jual lg kat skolah dlu...
Walaupn hobby munggupul gundam ni mungkin hanya melibat kan golongan yg berada di sebab kan oleh nilai gundam yg sgt mahal.. namun.. kepada sesiapa yang ingin memula kan secara perlahan2 boleh la membeli yg x ori dlu... harga nya sgt murah... dan berbaloi utk org yg baru nk belajar.....
Aku ingat lg....Gundam yg first yg ak ble adalah

The E60 M5 was introduced in 2005. It has a naturally aspirated 5.0 L BMW V10 S85 engine redlining at 8250 rpm and developing a peak output of 500 SAE hp (507 PS, 373 kW) with 383 ft·lbf (519 N·m) of torque. Unlike some other BMW engines which utilize Valvetronic to infinitely vary valve lift to eliminate the throttle plate, this engine has 1 individual throttle body per cylinder. This gives it quicker response. Other key features include a stiffened aluminum chassis and a 7-speed SMG III manual transmission.

The BMW M5, along with the new M6, were designed to use the new SMG III electrohydraulic manual transmission. The transmission, while responsive at the track, has been criticized for its general lack of smoothness in everyday driving. In October 2006 BMW announced that a 6-speed manual transmission would be available in North America based on suggestions from the motoring press. Unfortunately, this gearbox reduces acceleration performance slightly. The 6-speed manual M5 was marginally slower, since the stability control cannot be disengaged as per the SMG version. The SMG III includes the "Launch Control" feature, which allows maximum performance standing starts automatically. However, the US spec vehicles have a reduced rpm to prevent vehicle damage and abuse.
E60 M5 V-10
The M5 features several F1 inspired engine and transmission controls including launch control, dynamic stability control, and the option of changing to either automated or manual as well as the speed at which shifts are completed (there are 11 shift programs in total forming what BMW calls Drivelogic). Manual shifting can be done with either a floor shifter or the steering column-mounted shift paddles (another F1-inspired feature), both of which are fitted to all SMG M5s. The floor shifter is the type used on manumatic transmissions; tipping it backward (toward the "+") shifts up, while a forward tip (toward the "-") shifts down. The shifter can be moved to the left to access neutral and reverse. The car also features a "power" button on the steering wheel (labeled "M") which offers access to three modes: P400 (limiting the engine to 400 hp (300 kW) for daily driving use), P500 (unleashes the full 507 hp) and P500 S (for full power and sharper throttle response, selectable only from the "M Drive Settings" in the iDrive menu). P400 is the default start-up mode, the P500 modes are preselected using i-Drive and then activated from P400 using the "M" button.

Other than a firm ride, the E60's criticisms are excessive fuel consumption, and the general design criticisms of the Chris Bangle E60 body. Recent developments by Audi, specifically the production of the more powerful Audi RS6(572 bhp), rivalling the M5, has inspired BMW to go back to the drawing board. The 2011 M5's power output is expected to hit the 600+ bhp mark,up from its current 507 bhp.

Frontal fog lights are unavailable for the E60 M5: The amount of air required by the engine forces the space normally occupied by the front fog lights under the bumper to be reallocated for air intakes.

Bila laa nk ader Kereta Macam Diatas sana?????

MANCHESTER UNITED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Hmm dari kecil lg pasukan ni menjadi sebutan dan dambaan pada ku dalam arena bola sepak... xtau la macam mane boleh suke pasukan ni.. Europe Champion 08...EPL champion da banyak kali..haha... hmm ni bukan nk komen Arsenal ke, Chelsea ke, Liverpool ke.... sume 2 bes2.. cume Manchester United ader trade mark die sendiri.. Walaupn ak bukan lah seorang peminat yg sgt2 fanatik dgn man utd ni tp ak agak kagum la dgn die org...
Magnificent 7.. sejak dari dlu lg, sesiapa yg memakai jersy no ni adalah idola di Man Utd... Yg paling menjadi lagenda adalah George Best(Simply the Best)..
xleh nk hurai kan panjang pasal ni sebab beliau dah main lame da.. da xde da... Pernah baca article pasal George ni, memang menjadi satu fenomena kepada peminat united, die menjadi pujaan ramai peminat united dgn kelincahan yg di tunjuk kan di atas padang, namu ader masalah la plak ngan mamat ni, die bukan sahaja incah di padang, die juga sgt lincah dalam mendapat kn wanita2 cantik..HAHAHA..adei biase la klo duit da byk... walaumacam mane pn die tetap hebat.. hmm sape lg yer... haaa!!!! Eric Cantona..
Eric Cantona..fuh!!! penah jgk ak tengok die main mase ak kecik2 dlu...pada pendapat ak yg x seberapa tentang bolasepak ni.. striker yg paling berbisa dalam era 90an la.. dengan perubahan corak permainan yg di kenali modern football Cantona tetap terer dengan jaringan2 yg fantastik 4 dan menarik sgt2 mengujakan kepada sesiapa yg melihatny... Die suke baju yg berkolar sbb boleh angkat kat blakang 2 sampai kn jd tred pada masa sekarang...tq Cantona For the fesyen...Die da x main da utk Man Utd dan sekarang menjadi juruatih pasukan bolasepak pantai Frace....

Siapa yg x kenal David Beckham satu fenomena dalam arena bola sepak... mula terknal apabila menjaring kan gol dari jarak separuh padang(walaupn nampak cam bernasib baik..) namu sepakan percumanya sangat di geruni lawan... banyak sepakan percuma nya menerjah gawang lawan.. sehinggakan seperti mustahil untuk diselamatkan oleh golkeeper atau penjaga gawang atau penjaga gol.... Namun khidmat Bekham tidak selamanya di Man Utd apabila Ferguson mengambil keputusan utk menjualny kepada Real Madrid.... ( Ferguson dah bosan kot ngan Beckham ni)... maka tamat la kidmat Beckham di Old Trafford(dimana asalnya Man Utd)

Namun dunia dikejutkan(wahh!!! cam gempak je..hek eleh) dengan pembelian seorang remaja berusia dalam 17 tahun kot time 2.. iaitu Cristiano Ronaldo.... Bermula dengan perlawanan menentang Bolton Wonderes(macam ni ke eja..yer kot..sori klo salah eja)..dia di masukkan di separuh masa kedua, x byk benda yg menarik selain dari kaki nya yang lincah utk menunjukkan skill yg ala2 ronaldinho, namu Ronaldo sgt sbr utk trerus maju bersama Manchester United....Berkat kesabaran dan kegigihannya akhirnya Ronaldo semakin popular dan semakin di sanjungi di Old Traford. Dengan kelebihan skill dan kepantasan yg di milikinya, Ronaldo menjadi semakin berbahaya utk pihak lawan...seperti kata Sir Alex Ferguson, `Ronaldo boleh bermain si mana2 posisi'-->(yer ke..klo cam 2 letak la die keeper..hahaha).. setiap tahun Ronaldo menunjukkan peningkatan dan pada musin 07-08 Ronaldo telah memecah rekod yg dimiliki oleh lagenda Man Utd George Best dengan menjaring kan 42 gol dalam satu musim utk Man utd. Tidak syak lagi...Ronaldo telah mengatasi rekod2 yg lampau, dia juga mampu menjaringkn gol dari sepakan percuma seperti Beckham....
adei... Letih dah tulis panjang2 ni.... Last but not least...... all the best to MANCHESTER UNITED!!!!!! GLORY-GLORY MAN UTD..... LA LA LA....(ak x tau lirik ni).....

The Legend Of Man Utd

Pernahkah anda merasakan keseorangan atau lonely(dalam English)..
hmm kadang2 besendirian sgt bagus utk motivasi diri.... tp ble dah lame sgt adei... sakit jgk....
cbe la kalau nak tahu macam mane rase sunyi....
Xde sape2 di sekeliling kite yg boleh kte bercakap.. cakap sorang2 boleh la.. tp sampai ble....boleh jd kurang waras ni....adei....

hmmm boring2... ader dc++(kat utp ni) atlist ader la jgk benda yg nk tgk.... tp mlm 2 blackout la plak... so server dc da autotertutup..dan xde sape yg bukak balik..how poor.. bertambah la kesunyian... lamenyer nk tunggu balik.. adei...